"Gerardo "Jerry" A. Noveras vs. Commission on Elections and Narciso Dela Cruz Amansec G.R. No. 268891 October 22, 20

  

227 Jurisprudence Penned by Associate Justice Samuel Gaerlan | 2026 Bar Examination | Atty. Efraim C. Osingat, CPA, MBA, RFP, DPA Units 

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"Gerardo ""Jerry"" A. Noveras vs. Commission on Elections and Narciso Dela Cruz Amansec G.R. No. 268891 October 22, 2024

𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘦) 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘖𝘌𝘊 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘳𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘴/𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 (𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘴 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘢 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘦) 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘦𝘭 𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘨𝘯. 𝘊𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳.

"𝘊𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘨𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘰𝘳 𝘢𝘷𝘰𝘪𝘥 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘣𝘺 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘯𝘰 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘭𝘦𝘥𝘨𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘰𝘺𝘦𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘨𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘪𝘱𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘵 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘢𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘴?

𝘐𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘈𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘎𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘰𝘳 𝘑𝘦𝘳𝘳𝘺 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘳𝘶𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘝𝘪𝘤𝘦-𝘎𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘰𝘳. 𝘑𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘸𝘦𝘦𝘬𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘢 𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘭 𝘸𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘢 𝘨𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘛𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘪𝘤𝘰, 𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘓𝘎𝘜 𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘰𝘺𝘦𝘦 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘴'𝘴 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘢𝘶𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘺, 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘴'𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘢𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘓𝘎𝘜-𝘰𝘸𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳. 𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘥, 𝘛𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘪𝘤𝘰 𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘬𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭, 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 '𝘚𝘪𝘳, 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦'𝘴 𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘦𝘮... 𝘈𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘦𝘤 𝘪𝘴 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦.' 𝘈 𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 41 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘢𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘴. 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘤𝘭𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘥𝘯'𝘵 𝘰𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘚𝘶𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘮𝘦 𝘊𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘵 𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘥 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘳𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘦), 𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘣𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘤𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘭𝘺. 𝘉𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦 𝘕𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘰𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘶𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘺, 𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘪𝘮𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘭𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳, 𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢 𝘧𝘳𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘤 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘦𝘴.

𝘍𝘈𝘘𝘴:

1. 𝘋𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘥) 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘖𝘌𝘊 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘪𝘴𝘵? 𝘕𝘰, 𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘙.𝘈. 7890, 𝘴𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤 𝘴𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘯𝘰 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘢 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯.

2. 𝘊𝘢𝘯 𝘢 𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘣𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘦) 𝘪𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘥𝘪𝘥 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘯? 𝘠𝘦𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘦) 𝘥𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘸𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯.

3. 𝘞𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘮 𝘰𝘧 𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘢 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘖𝘔𝘌𝘓𝘌𝘊? 𝘈 𝘤𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦.

𝘋𝘰𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘴:

1. 𝘋𝘪𝘴𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘖𝘔𝘌𝘓𝘌𝘊 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘥𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘦𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘦𝘴.

2. 𝘊𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘣𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘰 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘸𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘧𝘶𝘴𝘦.

3. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘯𝘢𝘶𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘶𝘴𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘨𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘺 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘢 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘢 𝘧𝘳𝘢𝘶𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦 𝘷𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳 𝘚𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 261(𝘦)."

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